Internal-combustion engine.



e; w. nouume. INTERNALCO MBUSTION ENGINE.

Patented Aug. 21, 1917.

MPLICAT'ION FILED OCT. 21. 1911- 1,237,31 1

3-SHEETS-SHEET I.

WITNESSES:

INVENTOI? Mp7 TTOR/VEY p N N N. .l v 1 Q G.W. DONNING.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION, ENGINE APPLICATION FILED OCT- Zl. l9lh 6. w. uoumue. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 21. 1911- Patented Aug. 21 "1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES:

gummy in the firing-chamber.

GEORGE'W. DONNING, 0F STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 21, 1917.

Application filed October 21, 1911. Serial No. 855,980.

To all whom it may'c'oncern:

Be it known that GEORGE W. DONNING, a citizen of the United States, and residing at Stamford, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, has invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines, and, more particularly, to the two-cycle type thereof.

The primary object of the invention is to construct an engine which embodies all of the desirable features of the two and fouroycle engines and from which are omitted the undesirable and objectionable features of each of, these types of engines. In such an improvged form of engine, I have turned to advantage certain of the features which heretoforefhave worked to disadvantage, and I. have thereby provided an engine of great simplicity, increased power and efficiency, and enlarged capacity to produce a maximum of results with a minimum loss of power; moreover, in such an engine I am enabled to economize on the fuel necessary to drive the same; to reduce the weight of the structure perhorse-power produced, and to obtain an impulse at each and every revolution of the crank-shaft, etc.

Another object is to construct an engine that will have its suction-stroke begin during the exhaust and'continue until after the exhaust ceases; likewise, a compressionstroke occurring practically simultaneously, with the work-stroke. y Another object is to construct the engine with a crank-shaft which Wlllgbfl common to the piston and to the valves of the engine, thus dispensing with a separate shaft or like separate instrumentality for operating the valves.

Another object is to compress a suitable medium by means of the piston during its work-stroke, part of which medium is utilized to accelerate the return of said piston during the exhaust-stroke.

Another object is to construct an engine that shall be fool-proof, and be readily understood, and include comparatively few parts.

' Another object is to avoid efiecting work,

suction and compression-strokes in a common chamber and, also, a compression stroke Another object is to maintain, in a reservoir, compressed mixture, and thereb provide a medium to facilitate the starting of the motor. With these and other objects in view, the invention resides, in one aspect, in a cylinder, a piston working therein, explosion and compression chambers at opposite .ends of the cylinder, and one or more auxiliary chambers provided at theend of the cylinder opposite to that at which the explosion is eflected and communicating with both of said chambers.

The invention consists, also, in another aspect, in a cylinder provided with explosion and compression-chambers at opposite ends of said cylinder, a piston moving in said cylinder, and auxiliary chambers for the explosive mixturedisposed contiguous to said compression-chamber.

The invention further consists, in a still different aspect, in an engine constructed as specified and provided with a system of valves and valve-operating mechanisms, the latter deriving operation from positively actuated parts of the engine and timed to produce accurate and predetermined results.

- The invention further consists in valve- Figure 1 1s a view in sectional elevation illustrating my invention as embodied in an engine comprising, in this instance, three cylinders,

Fig. his a fragmentary view illustrating one of the valves, etc., for controlling the passage of the mixture;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 2--2,

Fig. 1;

. Fig. 3 is a view in elevation, some of the parts being shown in section, and showing particularly a direct valve-operating mechanism;

' to-the mterior of the cylinder adjacent to the side. of the cylinder;

-on line 55, Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view offone preferred a form of valve which I may employ in the engine;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view of a washer adapted to encircle the stem of the valve illustrated in Fig. 6; I

Fig. 8 is a view of a valve confining plate; and..

Fig.- 9 is a diagrammatic view showing the approximate periods of ignition operation and inactivity of the valves during the work and exhaust-strokes, respectively, of the piston.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates a cylinder Which, in this instance, includes a body-portion 2, a cap-portion 3, and a crankcase portion 4. It is to be understood, however that these several portions may, if desire be integral; or, on the other hand, may comprise a greater number of sections.

The body-portion 2is preferabl provided with an annular space 5 adapte to house water or an other cooling medium. The cap-portion is similarly provided with cooling-channels 6 adapted to contain a coohng medium, such as Water. The channels or spaces 5 and 6' are adapted to have communication, as through the ports 7, Fig. 2.

As shown, by way of example in Fig. 2, the upper end of the body-portion 2 is provided with an annular projection 8' adapted to fit into a corresponding incut 9 whereby.

interlocking of these two portions is effected. As usual, they are also secured together, as by screws 10. Intermediate of the body-portion 2 and the portion 4' isan annular section 11 provided at suitable points with apertures 12 adapted to be covered by plates orcovers 13, suitably secured, as by-screws 14. By the provision of these plates, access crank-shaft, etc., is permitted.

The portion 11 is provided with the interlocking means 15 similar to that already de- 1 scribed in connection with thecap-p'ortion, and by these means said-section 11 is interlocked with thebody-portion 2 and with the crank-case portion 4, and whereby the arts are rigidly secured together and lea age prevented.

The crank-case portion 4 is preferably divided, as by the partition 16, whereby a-plu rality of auxiliary chambers 17 and .18 are provided. Both of these chambers are storage-cha1nbers, that marked 17 being adapted to house a body of oil and from which thevarious parts of the engine are lubricated in V a manner hereinafter to be more fully explained. The other chamber 18is adapted to receive and store the compressed mixture,

able, top-plate 21.

. however, that the head may be solid.

constitute asource of supply of lubricant for the engine. Similarly, this single chamber could be utilized for housing the compressed mixture.

.It will be understood that instead of dividstorage-chamber adapted to house oil and -Working in the cylinder is a 'piston- 19 provided as usual with circumferential expansion rings 20. The piston-head is in this instance shown as hollow, and with a remov- It will be understood,

Pivotally depending from the piston is a pitman 22 pivoted at its lower end to a crank-shaft 23, the crank-shaft being provided with 'two pendant counterbalancing and space-filling portions 24.

The piston divides the cylinder into two chambers, namely, the explosion-chamber 25 and the compression-chamber 2 6. The compression-chamber is of reduced proportions and the crank of the shaft is of such dimensions as to nearly fill said chamber, as is shown in Fig. 1, the object of this construction being to utilize the piston to effect as high a degree of compression as-possible during a part of the rotative movement of the crank shaftwhile the piston is approaching its lowermost position. The enlarged portions 24 have a rotative movement around the axis of the crank-shaft and in order that the iston 19 may approach as nearly as poss1 le the said axis, the pitman 22 is only of that length which will permit the longest movement of the piston toward said axis. To permit the enlarged portion 24 to pass lower position, said piston is provided with an arcuate clearance space 27, as shown in valve which is operated in one direction by.

vacuum created within the compressionchamber and in the opposite direction by the compression-stroke, as is well understood.

This may,also, be of any preferred form and as t forms no part of my invention, I have not deemed it necessary to illustrate the same herein. Likewise, a standard system of oil distribution and mechanism therefor, additional to that herein disclosed, may be provided for lubricating the various movable parts of the structure. As this may, also, be

of any preferred type, and as the same forms no part of my invention, I have not deemed it necessary. to disclose the same herein.

the head when the piston is in its extreme Similarly, any preferred system of cooling and water-circulating mechanism may be compression-chamber 26. Likewise cocks 30 and 31 are provided at the lower portions of the oil and 013%?- chambers, 17 and 18, respectively; and,

this means, the contents of such chambers,

etc, may be removed when desired.

To provide a means of communicatmn between the storage-chamber 18 and the exlosion-chamber 25, a channel 32 is formed 1n the wall of the cylinder. I prefer to form this channel in the wall, first,-because 1t simplifies the construction; secondly, be-' cause it avoids the necessity of provid ng a pipe and connections outside of the-0y npasses from the storage-chamber to the explosion-chamber, is heated more or less by reason of the channel being in proximity to the firing-chamber, etc. Such heating, however, is of course more or less controlled by reason of the fact that'said channel isal'so in proximity to the cooling-channels or spaces. 7

Means. are provided for controlling the passage of the mixture from the compression-chamber 26 to the storage-chamber 18, and, then, from said last-mentioned chamherto the explosion-chamber. These means preferably comprise, in the first instance, a positively-actuated valve :33 of the form shown in Fig. 6. As therein shown, this body-portion valve includes a cylindrical 33' preferably hollow to provide a chamber,

33, said body-portion being provided with an elongated aperture 33and a stem The exteriorwall of the valve is provided with one or more circumferential grooves in which expansion-rings 35 are held and-which prevent leakage and take up allwear. This valve is designed to control a port 36 in the and the storage-chamber. walls Of'tllls port are somewhat elongated to wall 26 between the compression-chamber" As shown, the

provide a bearing-surfacefor the aforementioned body-portion of thevalve, and at its inner: end is rovided with an annular shoulder 3fi' to limit the movement of the valve in one direction and to provide a means for preventingleakage. This valve preferably has a rotative movement pro- -du ced in the following manner: The stem 34 has connected to its outer end a crankarm 37 provided with a small roller 33 adapted to traverse a cam-groove 39 formed in a, cam-disk 40' secured on the main crankshaft 23. Byhaving the two walls, form- I 4 motion orthe like. provided with a can: at its lower end tion of the valve is a resilient washer 41 ,(Figs. 6 and 7) adapted to maintain the valve firmly seated against the shoulder 36'. Thevalve and washer are removably retained in the port by a retaining-plate 42 (Fig. 8) secured to the outside wall of the cylinder, as shown.

As shown in Fig. 1", the channel 32 atits V a lower end is formed at one side of the valved port 36, and forms a direct means of communication .between the. storage-chamber 18 and the explosion-chamber 25. The valve '33 therefore does not operate to control the passage of the compressed mixture through the channel 32; but such control is by a second valve 43 of form similar to the per, by means of a stem 44 extending from 1t and'provided at its lower end with a-link 45'p1voted on "a part of the cylinder. and

carrying a roller 46 adapted to traverse a second cam-groove 47 in the -cam-diskv 40. As will presently be explained, the timin of the valves is relatively diflerent. One 0 the plates 42 is arranged in conjunction with the valve 43. In eachinstance ,where cured to the outside of t e cylinder and are removable, replaceable and interchangeable,

'and are so constructed that i any pos ible leakage, should the same occur, will become apparent around .theedges of the orificei42' in the plate. By reason of this fact, one can always readily determine whether a valve is leaking and if so which one of the plurality employed. Then, a' quick repair is possible. The valves, themselves, are of sim 1e construction, as shown, and are of uni orm 'dimensions so that two of them'can be inter- Disposed at any suitable point in the channel 32, I may employ a spring-controlled check-valve 48 adapted tobe' actuated by the compressed mixture to open the'same when the mixture movesthrou h the channel in the direction of the exp osion-chamher, and adapted to. be seated by the motive fluid after i ition has" occurred, should the mixture prematurely ignited in the explosion-chamber and should the 'valve 43 still be open, 'thereby preventing a return of said motive fluid toward the auxiliary-chamber' ld. In thisway, I provide precautionary means to protect the mixture which is stored in the auxiliary-chamber 18 and, thus, precludethe danger of any firing of said mixture either in the channel 32 be low the valve or inthe auxiliary-chamber 18.

a valve 33, and operating in the same mander; and, thirdly, because themixture, as it 7 plates are employed, the Y are'preferably se- Thereby, I am enabled to cause a delivery of pure mixture from the auxiliary chamber 18 into the explosion-chamber without regard to whether there may have been a false ring therein, or not. In other words, if for any reason the valve 43 does not work timely or becomes inoperative, the check valve 48 will hold the motive fluid in the explosion-chamber and ready to effect a work-stroke of the piston. This is the particular function of this check-valve 48.

. In the event that the valve 43 should be open while exhaust is occurring and the piston is rising, the check-valve 48 will prevent the passage of any of the burned mixture into the channel 32 and, thus, back into the storage-chamber 18. The moment the exhaust pressure falls below that of the mixture passing up through the channel 32, assuming that the valve 43 is open, such pressure will open the valve 48 and thereby permit proper delivery of the mixture into the explosion-chamber and the forcing out of. the chamber of any burned gasesthat may remain owing to atmospheric or mulfier pressure. The scavenging of the explosionchamber is thus not only facilitated but practically made )erfe ct.

Onthe side of the cylinder opposite to the valve 43, I provide an exhaust-port 49 controlled by a valve 50 of form similar to valves and 43. A valve-stem 51 connects with the valve 50 and has pivoted at its lower end a link. 52 jointed to a standard 53 on the cylinder. The link 52 carries a roller adapted to traverse a cam-groove 55 formed onthe face of the disk 40 opposite to the cam-grooves 39 and 4T.v It will thus be seen that one disk serves as a device common to the valves 33 and 43 on the one side, and that a second disk serves as an operating-device for the exhaust controllingvalve. Where a plurality of cylinders are employed, there will be one disk in excess of the number of cylinders, so that each intermediate disk serves as a device for operating the valves 33 and 43 on the one cylinder, and to operate the exhaust controlling-valve on the next-adjacent cylinder; the cam-grooves formed therein are so arranged that the pi'oper relative timing of operation of the valves is effected. The feature of providing a cam-groove, having two walls, insures the positive movement of the valve at the propermoment and in a proper manner, thus making certain the timely deliveryof the i'nixtiire into the explosionchamber, the exhaust, etc.

As usual, the crank-shaft 23 is provided with a balance-wheel 56 which preferably will-be of reduced dimensions. By eliminating the usual suction and compression-' strokes of the piston. the balance-wheel does not have to be employed to produce suflicient momentum of the crankshaft, as in the usual two and four-cycle engines, to operate the crank-shaft properly; and, moreover, as premature ignition and back-firing in my engine facilitate rather than retard the operation of the piston, the dimensions of the balance-wheel may, for this further reason, beof reduced size.

As shown particularly in Fig. 5, and in part in Figs. 2 to 4, I provide a conduit 57 to conduct the mixture from the carbureter as usual. In this instance, the conduit 57 is tapped to feed the mixture into each of the cylinders. Valves 57* control passage through conduit 57, etc., as usual.

Similarly, an exhaust-conduit 58, common to the several cylinders, is provided.

Operati0n.The cycle of operation of this engine will be apparent. It may be stated, however, that, assuming that the piston is in a position to begin its work-stroke and that the crank is then at upper dead- 7 effected, and this compression takes place during the entire work-stroke of the piston. Just in advanceof the completion of the pistons work-stroke, the exhaust-valve is I opened (throughthe operation of its valveoperating mechanism already described) and exhaust will 'then take place during the movement of the'crank through its lower dead-center position and until the crank has arrived at approximately ten or fifteen degrees of its upper dead-center, whereupon the exhaust-valve closes and the cylinder will then be thoroughly scavenged. Practically simultaneous with the closing of this valve 50, the inlet valve 43 is, by its operating mechanism, suddenly opened to admit into the explosion-chamber the mixture held under pressure in the channel 32. This flow of mixture continues until the crank has arrived at, or approximately at, its upper dead-center, whereupon the valve 43 is suddenly closed by its operating-mechanism. Ignition then occurs according to the timing of the ignition device, and the piston again performs its work-stroke in the manner already described. During the work-stroke of the piston and while it is efiecting a compression of the mixture in'the compressioncylinder 26, the valve 33 will have been opened by its aforementioned operatingmechanism. Then, while the piston 'is continuing its down-stroke and while the crank is in proximity to its lower dead-center position, the valve 33 will be closed. The valve 33 then being closed and similarly the valve 43 being closed, the compressed mixture is .40 that may remain 7 the. chamber.

held in said storage-chamber l8 andchannel 7 p the several va ves and this con] be efiected mit the mixture ,to be'delivere into the eX- 32 until theinlet valve 43 is o ened to perplosion-chamber at a predetermined time,

and as already described. Any compressed mixture that may remain in the compressionchamber 26 will, being compressed, act as a resilient tlpower that may be utilized to accelerate e the commencement of its up-stroke. 'A'continuation of the up-stroke of the. piston will a have created a. vacuum .inthe compressionchamber 26 and thus automaticall 4 Y the carburetercheck-valve 57',

return of the piston during permitted an inflow of the mixture into 881d compression-chamber. 26 and this inflow continues until the vacuum has been eliminated, even though the piston may have begun its work-stro ture when the piston and crank have arrived at dead-center, this vacuum will continue and the flow of the mixture will continue matically the approximate periods of ignition'operation and inactivity of the valves during the work and exhaust-strokes, re

.spectively, of the piston.

fas

As already stated, the enlarged portions 2* of the crank-shaft 23 serve the dual functionof aiding in a compression of the mixture in the compression-chamber and, also} to counterbalance the-- crank-shaft. They. may, also, operate somewhat to eflect a cer-' tain amount of distribution of the lubricant in the lower portion of The oil storage-chamber 17 constitutes a source of supply of lubricant, and fromthis chamber a series of I rious parts of the engine for the distribution of the lubricant to such arts. For instance,

the lubricant may, by t ese means, besup, plied to the valves, as, for instance, shown 1n Fig. 1,'where-an oil-duct 59 is formed in the'wall of the cap-portion and which com- "municates'with theport controlled by the yvalve 43. Anyother form of lubricating four-cycle type.

distributer may be employed, if desired. The oil-chamber is p'rovid'edwith a fillinternal combustion engines. While I have herein illustrated the same as-adapted to the two-cycle type ofxengine, it will be understood that it is ually applicable to the he only' modification that might be necessary to adapt the same thereto would be in predeterminlng a differopened e and the crank passed-its upper. dead-center position, Thus, it will be seen that in a very rapid operation of the engine, there being no mechanically operated valve employed to' cut off this inflow of the mixipes may =lead to vapression and exhaust-strokes have to be perence in t' I of the relative o eration of system are, as shown, located on the outside Y of the cylinder, are practically noiseless,

and are preferably located so that their axes of rotation are at right angles to the pistonchamber.

' Asa result of practicaluse and obscrvation of present-day two and four-cycle engines, I have observed that they are open which it is the'object of. my invention to so to serious objections and include defects overcome. 'Amon these, may be mentioned thefact that the structures ,of these en ines are, for the most part, very complicate and include a eat many parts, giving to the entireengme great weight; moreover, the

valves are inaccessible, and are also defec-. tive, first, because they are placed inside of the motor and are not positively operated but are dependent upon springs or one-way operating cams and the like; secondly, they cannot conveniently, if at, all, be lubricated; and, thirdly, the o eration of these valves is not always reliab e and cannot be redetermined to produce the hi hest efliclency; furthermore,'due to the big speed, resulting in an increase in centrifugal force, ra id wear of the bearings, etc., necessarily ollows; furthermore,the-high.speed at which the engine must be runtoresult even with a. fair" degree ofeificiency releases ,alarge portion of" the heat-units, and these heat- 'units constitute power so that loss oi the heat-units means the loss of power; furthermore, 'back and false-firing are frequent incidents, with attendant dangers and serious resultsgfurthermore, if, for-any reason, the

attendant lnjury, to the valves through which the fired mixture passes, naturall refinally, where a sequence of suction,-comormed, there is necessarily a great waste spark is untimely efiected, resulting in backi s'ults, with conse uent consumption 0 the. mixture back as ar as the carbureter; and,

of power incident to the o eration of the engine .to produce these ine ective'strokes, etc. .Acomparison of m en ne with these that have overcome these and other defects and objections, ause, in the first place, I eliminate the se uence of suction, compression, and exhaust-strokes between each efiective work-stroke; and, .even, duringthe up-stroke of the piston to effect ex-- haust, I provide an instrumentality for aiding the movement of the piston at the commencement of its upward stroke, so that i present-da motors wil ma e apparent the act utilization of comparatively little power to effect suction and exhaust-strokes is required. The work-stroke which is performed in my engine is free to produce a maximum of power because the powerstrokes occur wlth each revolution and,

moreover, the cylinder is always thoroughly scavenged. Where two cylinders are emloyed,-the power-strokes are effected every half revolution. Where three cylinders are embodied, the power-strokes are effected every third of a revolution. Where four cylinders are coupled, there. would be a power-stroke at every quarter revolution."

The construction. of ,my engine is such,

- and it operates ina manner, tending to conserve the heat-units, and, thus, the loss of power.- Moreover, false and back-firing are entirely eliminated, because premature igni tion in the explosion-chamber is on the upstroke of the piston and any advancing of the operation of the sparker can work no injuries, because, if ignition does take place during the up-stroke of the-piston, such can 25' only occur while exhaust is being efiected of ton is utilized to perform a double function, to-wit, it acts as a, piston and, also, as a valve or double valve, thereby reducing its efiiciency for either function. In my engine, in the two-cycle type, wherein a full suction, a full compression, a full Work and exhaustvstrokes are performed, I secure all the advantages of the'four-cycle and, in.addition,- generate power at every revolution plus the advantage of high compression and lus the advantage secured by utilizing the orce of the'compressed mixture in the compressionchamher to aid in effecting the up-stroke of the iston. I have as many work-strokes at sixundred revolutions of the shaft as does the four-cycle type of engine at twelve'hunthe consumed charge, making it fool-c proof, so to speak. If i nitionshould take place directly after the ex aust-port is closed and just at the moment of the introduction into the explosion-chamber of a fresh mixture, there simply results what is the equivalent of a normal work-stroke when the spark is advanced. It isto be understood that, as

the mixture is not normally introduced until just before the piston has'arrived at the explosion-chamber end of the cylinder and when the crank is nearly at its upper dead-,

center position, if the mixture should then be ignited, the iston would then be actuated in its normal irection; and, if the re ulating valve had not been allowed su cient time to close (though the opening and closm of it is effected very rapidly), the checkvalve 48 will prevent the prematurely-ignited mixture from reaching back to the mixture-chamber and-thechannel. Thus, false-firing and'premature' ignition are, in may engine, not matters of danger nor disa vantages.

Another feature of the construction, as

already pointed out, is that the valves are positively actuated and are not dependent upon springs whichare always unreliable;

moreover, the valves are constantl lubricated to reduce wear thereon; an more-v over, the thrust on the valve, at the time of the explosion, is endwise, and such thrust is imposed upon the exposed surface of the end of the valve and the resilient washer bad; of the same, and in this way, there is no wear uponthe ,valve or its bearing. The parts are com aratively few in number and are of simp e construction-and make the ma-- chine relatively light. In most of the pres' ent-day two-cycle types of engines, the pishave more power,.because the piston is not racing away from the expanding force as in the four-cycle engine; and the time ermitted to increase the heat energy be ore exhaust is doubled. In consequence of these features, the engine is necessarily capable of high speed; and, even if run at low speed,

it is capable of generating great power.

Moreover, the described valve-mechanism makes the engine non-reversing; that 'is to say, the valves are so timed to operate that the exhaust is open during the up-stroke of the piston and until the inlet opens; hence, if, for any reason, the mixture flowing vthrough inlet should ignite prematurely (when, for instance, the motor-had not acquired suflicient momentum to carry the piston through its complete cycle) 'the tendencyjwouldbe to force the piston back or resultsina firing of the carbureter. If the piston then rises for the compression-stroke (while all valves are closed) the rapidly expanding ignited gas which will have redred revolutions of the shaft; and, also,

downward and cause the crank to turn in maincd in the cylinder will rack the motor 7 and bring it to a stop. If the charge preignites during the compression-stroke of the piston, the latter will reverse and operate fora work-stroke and, owing to the fact that both valves may be closed, the crankshaft will move in the wrong direction.

Such an operation cannot occur in my motor for the reasons mentioned.

It is to be understood that, though I have described the invention with considerable detail, I do not limit myself'to such details nor to the particular aggroupment thereof,

nor to the particular form of the partsof the structure. p Having thus described my invention, its construction and the preferred manner of a operatin it, what Iclaim and desire to se-- cure by etters-Patent is: 1. An internal combustion engine including in combination, a cylinder provided with a channel in its wall, a piston working in the cylinder, an explosion-chamber locat- 3 ed in thecylinder at one side of the piston, a compression-chamber also located in the cylinder at the opposite side of the (piston, and an auxiliary-chamber disposed a j to the compression-chamber and communicating therewith, said channel establishing communication between said auxiliarychamber and the explosion-chamber, a. rotatable valve distinct from the piston for opening and closing said channel, and a slngle means for actuating said valve in two directions whereby a firing-mixture may be intermittingly introduced into the explosion-chamber from the auxiliary-chamber. 2;" An internal combustion engine including in combination a cylinder provided with a channel in its wa l, a piston working. in the cylinder, an explosion-chamber located in the-cylinder at one sideof the piston, a com- 80 gression-chamber also located in the cyliner at the-opposite side of the piston, an auxiliarychamber disposed adjacent to the compression-chamber and communicating therewith, said channel -estab1ishing com- 'munication between said auxiliary-chamber and the explosion-chamber, a valve movable in two directions for controlling the passage of the mixture from the compression-chambar into said auxiliary-chamber and a single 40 means for actuating said valve in both directions. V

3. An internal combustion engine including in combination, a cylinder provided with a channel in its wall, a piston working in the cylinder, an explosion-chamber lo cated in the cyl nder at one side of the piston, a com'ffon-chamber also located in the cylinder a the opposite side of the piston, an auxiliary-chamber disposed adja- ,50 cent to the compression-chamber and com municating therewith, said channel establishing1 communication between said auxiliary-c amber and the explosion-chamber, a

valve movable alternately in two directions for controlling the passage of the mixture from the compression-chamber into said auxiliary-chamber, a valve movable in two directions for controlling the passage of the .mixture from said auxiliary-c amber to the 6 explosion-chamber and a single means for actuating said last mentioned valve in both directions.

4. An internal combustion engine includ ing in combination, a cylinder, a piston '6 working therein, an explosion-chamber loacent independent of said mechanism for controlthe work-stroke of the piston and until comin proximity to the compression-chamber, a

port'between said compression-chamber and said auxiliary-chamber, means for controlling the passage of fluid through said port,

,a channel formed in the wall of the cylinder between said auxiliary-chamber and said explosion-chamber, mechanism independent of said controlling means and adapted to control the passage of the mixture through said channel, and a pressure-operated valve ling passage of fluid through'the channel at least in one direction. f

5. An internal combustion engine'includring in combination, a, cylinder, a piston working therein, an explosion-chamberrlocatedat one side of said piston and provided in its ignition end with inlet and ex-' haust ports, a compression-chamber located at the opposite side of said piston, an auxiliary-chamber arranged in proximity to thecompression-chamber, a port between said compression-chamber and said auxiliarychamber, means for controlling the passage of fluid through said port, a channehformed in the wall of the cylinder-between said aux-- iliary-chamber and said explosion-chamber, independent valves for said inlet and exhaust ports operable in two directionsin predetermined relation, and-a single means for each valve adapted to actuate the same in both directions i l 6. In an engine, a cylinder, a crank-shaft therein, a piston connected to the shaft, a firing-chamber formed in the cylinder an provided with an inlet port and with an exhaust-port for exhausting the contents of the chamber during the completion of the work-stroke of the piston and until completion of the exhaust-stroke thereof, a storagechamber for containing a mixture, and

means associated with the firing-chamberug" for holding the mixture in the storagechamber under pressure and to release the same into the firing-chamber slightly in advance of the closing of the exhaust-port to completely scavenge the firingschamber and to operate the piston when the mixture is ignited. a 7 In an engine, a cylinder, a crank-shaft therein, a piston connected to the shaft, firing and compression chambers formed in 130 the cylinder and provided with inlet ports,

the firing chamber being also provided with an exhaust port for exhausting the contents of the chamber. during the completion of 125 pletion of the exhaust-stroke thereof, a storage-chamber for containing a mixture, and means associated with the firing chamber .for holding the mixture in the storagechamber under pressure and to release the 139 nel extendm same into the firing-chamber slightlyjn advance of the closing of the exhaust-port to completely scavengej'the firing-chamber and to operate the piston when the mixture is "ignited and including a shaft-operated valve for controlling one of said 8. An internal combustion engine inolud: ing in combination, a cylinder provided with a single'chamber'at its one end and a plu-- rality ofchambers at the opposite end, a

piston working in said cylinder intermediate chambers being an explosion-chamber, and a third a storage to said exp osion-chamber, acheck-valve sage of motive fluid through said channel and into the storage-chamber, a second valve operating in said channel independently of operating in said channel to prevent the passage of motive fluid through said channel and into the stora e-chambe'r, and a' second valve operating 1n said channel to control the pass'ageof mixture through said channel independently of-the piston in eitherdirection. V A v. v

-9. An internal combustion. engine includof chambers at the opposite end, a piston workingin said cyllnder intermediate said single and plura ity of chambers, one of'said chambers being an explosionchamber, another thereof a compressionchamber, and a third a storage-chamber,.a channel extending from said storage-chamher to said explosion-chamber, a check-valve operating in said channel to prevent the pasthe piston to-control the pass'age of mixture through said channel in either direction, and a third valve to control the passage of the mixture from the compression-chamber into the storagechamber and operating to prevent the return of motive-fluid into'the compression-chamber. a a Y 10.' An internal combustion engine in eluding and into the storage-chamber, asecond valve operating in said channel to control the passa of mixture through said channe in V eit er direction, a thirdvalve to control the passa e of the mixture from the compressionamber into the storage-chamber and Ipassa e .of the mixture'from the and with which a plura -'ing in combination, a 0

'one of said chambe in combination, a cylinder provided with a single chamber at its one end and a;

a valve for exhausting chamber, a crank-shaft connecting with said, piston, and with which 'tively actuatedin both directions. a

ngine Q y -x mders arranged'm uxtaposition, eachc 'hn-. i a

nel, a lston adapted to be reci rocated in v operating to preveiit the return of the mixture into the compression-chamber, and a 11. An internal combustion engine includ fing-in combination, a cylinder provided valve for exhaustlngr fromv the explosionchamber. 1

with a single chamber at its one end and a plurality of chambers at the o posite end, a

plston working in said cylin er intermedisage of motive fluid through-said channel and into thestorage-chamber, a second valve operating in said channel to control the asea c of mixture through said channe ineit er direction, a third valve to control the compression-c amber into the storage-chamber and operating to prevent the return of the mixture into the compression-chamber, a valve ing in combination, a cylinder provided with asingle chamber at its one end and a plu- -rality for exhausting from the explosion-chamber, a crank-shaft connectingl with said piston,

ity of said valves connect and by which they are-positively actuated.

12. An internal-combustion engine includ ylinder provided with a single chamber at its one end and a plurality of chambers at the 0 piston workingin said cylin er intermediposite end, a

ate saidesihgle andflplurality of chambers,

rs .bemg an GXPIOSiOII: chamber, another thereof a compressionchamber, and a third a storage-chamber, a channel extend from said storage-chamber to said explosion-chamber, a check-valve operating in said channel to prevent the passage of mixture through said channel and into the storage-chamber, a second valve operating in said channel to control the passage of mixture through said channel in either direction, a third valve to 4 control the passage of the mixture from the r and operating to prevent the return of the mixture into the compression-chamber,

from the explosiona plurality of said valves connect and by which they are-posi- '13. An" internal combustion e eluding invcombination, a plurality of der be' provided in its wall with a c anthe cy inder, an explosion-cham er at one slde of the piston, a compression-chamber at the o posite sidethereof, said channel es tablishing communication betweenthe com- "compres'sion-chamber into the storage-chamv ression-chamber and the ex losion-chamer, a valve for controlling t e passage of mixture through said channel, a crank-shaft in the base of said cylinder, a plurality of cam-disks fast on said shaft and each provided with a cam groove, connections be tween the channel-controlling valves and the cam-grooves, each connection having one end adapted to traverse the eam-groove in the disk and thereby be positively actuated in a plurality of directions and in predetermined relation to the actuation of an adjacent valve.

14. An internal combustion engine including in combination, a plurality of cylinders arranged in juxtapositlon, eac cylinder being provided in its wall with a channel, a piston adapted to be reciprocated in the cylinder, an explosion'chamber at one side of the piston, a compression-chamber at the opposite side thereof, said channel establishing communication between the comression-chamber and the explosion-chamer, a valve for controlling the passage of mixture through said channel, a crank-shaft in the base of said cylinder, a plurality of cam-disks fast on said shaft, some of which are provided with a plurality of camgrooves, connections between the channelcontrolling valves and the cam-grooves, each connection having one end adapted to traverse its respective cam-groove in the disk and thereby be positively actuated in a plu rality of directions and in predetermined relation towthe actuation of an adjacent valve, said cylinder being provided with an exhaust-port, a valve for controlling the exhaust-port, a connection attached to the valve at one end and having its other end adapted to traverse one of the grooves in the cam-disk.

15. An internal combustion engine including in combination, a plurality of cylinders arranged in juxtaposition, each cylinder being provided in its wall with a channel, a piston adapted to be reciprocated in the cylinder, an explosion-chamber at one side of the piston, a compression-chamber at the opposite side thereof, said channel establishing communication between the compression chamber and the explosion-chamber, a valve for controlling the passage of mixture through said channel, a crank-shaft in the base of said cylinder, a plurality of camdisks fast on said shaft, some of which are provided with a plurality of cam-grooves, connections between the channel-controlling valves and the cam-grooves, each connection having one end adapted to traverse its respective camgroove in the disk and thereby be positively actuated in a plurality of directions and in predetermined relation to the actuation of an adjacent valve, said cylinder being provided with an exhaust-port, a valve for controlling /the exhaust-port, a

connection attached to the valve at one end and having its other end adapted to traverse one of the grooves in the cam-disk, said crank-shaft being elongated and common to the pistons in the several cylinders.

16. An internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston rcciproeable therein, a crank shaft journaled in the cylinder and operatively connected to the piston, an explosionchamber at one side of the piston, a compression-chamber at the opposite side of the piston, an auxiliary-storage-chamber in proximity to the compression-chamber, a channel in the wall of the cylinder and communicating with the storage and explosion-chambers, a valve for controlling the passage of fluid from the compression-chamberinto the storage-chamber, and a valve for controlling the passage of the fiuid through said channel, said cylinder being provided with an exhaust-port and a valve therefor, said crank-shaft carrying cam-disks provicled with a plurality of cam-grooves, and valve-stems working in said grooves and communicating with said valves, and operated by said cam-disks at a predetermined time to open or close the several valves relatively.

17. An internal combustion engine including in combination, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, an explosion-chamber located at one side of the piston, a compression-chamber located at the opposite side of said piston, an auxiliary-chamber arranged in proximity to said compression-chamber, and provided with a port communicating with said compression-chamber, a valve adapted to control the passage of compressed mixture from said ccmpression-chamber into said auxiliary-chamber and operable to close the port before the entire contents of the compression have passed into the auxiliarychamber in order to leave in the compression-chamber a portion of the compressed mixture, such remaining compressed mixture then being operative to aid the piston in its up-stroke.

18. An internal combustion engine including in combination, a cylinder, an explosionchaxnber arranged at one end thereof, a compression-chamber arranged at the opposite end thereof, an auxiliary-chamber arranged in proximity to the compressionchamber, a piston adapted to reciprocate in the cylinder between the explosion and compression-chambers to compress mixture in the compression-chamber and to force a portion thereof into the auxiliary-chamber, means for trapping a portion of the mixture within the compression-chamber, the portion of said compressed mixture remaining in the compresslon' chamber operating upon the underside of the piston to aid, at the commencement of the up-stroke of the piston, to return it toward starting position.

19. An internal combustim engine including in combination, a cylinder, an explosion-chamber arranged at one end thereof, a compression-chamber arranged at the opposite end thereof, an auxiliarychamber arranged in proximity to the communionchamber of relatively smaller dimensions, a piston adapted to reciprocate in the cylinder between the explosion and compressionchambers to compress mixture in the compression-chamber and to force a portion thereof into the auxiliary-chamber, means for trapping a portion of the mixture within the compression-chamber, the portion of said compressed mixture remaining in the compression-chamber operating upon the underside of the piston to aid, at the commencement of the up-stroke of the piston, to return it toward starting position.

20. An internal combustion engine including in combination, a cylinder, an explosionchamber arranged at one end thereof, a compression-chamber arranged at the opposite end thereof, an auxiliary-chamber. arranged in proximity to the compresion-chamber, a piston adapted to reciprocate in the cylinder between the explosion and compressionchambers to compress mixture in the compression-chamber and to force a portion thereof into the auxiliary-chamber, means for trappinga portion of the mixture within the compression-chamber, the portion of said compressed mixture remaining in the compression-chamber operating upon the underside of the piston to aid, at the commencement of the up-stroke of the piston, to return it toward starting position, and a valve for trapping the compressed 1x u z in the auxiliary-chamber.

21. An internal combustion e 'ne, including in combination a channe ed cy1inder provided with an explosion-c amber at one end, a compression-chamber a the opposite end, an auxiliary-chamber in communicating relation to the compressionchamber, means for controlling the mixture rrom the compression-chamber to the auxiliarychamber, means for controlling the compressed mixture through the channeled portion of the cylinder, and a piston reciprocable within the cylinder, and adapted to compress a mixture in the compressionchamber and to force a portion of said chambers contents into the auxiliary-chamber,

means for trapping a portion of the mixture within the compression chamber, the remaining portion of said compremed mixture being utilizable for facilitating the up-stroke of the piston toward the explosion-chamber.

22. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder and a crank-case, a piston rcciprocable in the cylinder, an explosion chamber formed in the cylinder, 9, compression and an auxiliary-chamber formed in the crank-case, said auxiliary-chamber provided with ports communicating with the explosion and compression-chambers, and means remote from the piston and operable in predetermined relation thereto for con trolling the passage through said ports. 23. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder and a crank-case, a piston reciprocable in the cylinder, an explosion chamber formed in the cylinder, a compression and an auxiliary-chamber formed in the cranlecase, said auxiliary-chamber provided with ports communicating with the explosion and compression-chambers, and means remote from the piston and operable in predetermined relation thereto for intermittently opening the passage through said ports.

24. An engine including a cylinder, explosion and compression chambers therein, a piston reciprocable within the cylinder and operable to compress a gaseous mixture in one of said chambers and driven in one direction by an ignited gas in the explosion chamber to compress a body of gaseous mixture in the compression chamber, means for controlling the ignite gas in the explosion chamber while the ton is moving to comess the gaseou ixture in the compresu cans for controlling the outflow of the compressed mixture from the con'ipression chamber and operable to release from the compression chamber a portion of such mixture for utilization of the same in the explosion chamber, and means for conveying such released mixture from the compression chamber to the explosionchamber.

In testimony whereof 'I have aflixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE W.. DON'NING.

Witnesses: v

EDMUND H. PARRY, ARTHUR J. WAND. 

